Human Saga

On October 29

On October 29, 4 pivotal events are recorded in the Human Saga, including Founding of the Turkish Republic and Atatürk's reforms (1923).

On this day

29 October 1923 (reforms to 1934)Founding of the Turkish Republic and Atatürk's reformsPolitics & governance

Following Ottoman defeat in World War I and the Turkish War of Independence, recognition of the Ankara government at the Treaty of Lausanne (24 July 1923) cleared the way for the proclamation of the Republic of Turkey on 29 October 1923…

29 October 1969First ARPANET message, precursor of the InternetScience, technology & invention

On 29 October 1969 the first message was transmitted over the ARPANET, an experimental packet-switched computer network funded by the U.S. Department of Defense's Advanced Research Projects Agency.

29 October 2025The AI boom reshapes global marketsEconomy & trade

The generative-AI boom became a dominant force in global markets in the mid-2020s, concentrating trillions of dollars of value in a handful of technology firms.

29 October 1945Sartre's Lecture Popularises Existentialism in Post-War EuropeCulture, arts & philosophy

On 29 October 1945, only months after the end of the war in Europe, Jean-Paul Sartre delivered a public lecture titled "Existentialism Is a Humanism" at the Club Maintenant in Paris.

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